IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ANTI-TRYPANOSOMAL ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA STEM-BARK

Authors

  • Everlyne N. Wanzala Department of Pharmacy & Complementary/Alternative Medicine, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844 – 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
  • Nicholas K. Gikonyo Department of Pharmacy & Complementary/Alternative Medicine, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844 – 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
  • Grace Murilla Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya.
  • Mercy Githua Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Ahmed Hassanali Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844 – 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v14i6.8

Keywords:

Anti-trypanosomal activity, Azadirachta indica, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma evansi

Abstract

Background: Current chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis have become largely ineffective, necessitating the search for alternative compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro anti-trypanosomal activities of methanol extracts of parts of Azadirachta indica against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma evansi and establish the in vivo efficacy of the most active extract. Materials and methods: Maceration of powdered leaves, stem bark and root bark of the plant in methanol afforded three extracts. In vitro assays were carried out with the extracts on the three trypanosome strains in 96-well microtitre plates at concentration ranges of 4000 - 1000μg/ml. The most active extract was assayed in vivo using Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infected Swiss albino mice at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Melarsoprol and suramin served as positive controls. The infected untreated group served as the negative control. Parasitaemia levels, packed cell volume, body weight changes and mean survival period of all groups were monitored throughout the experimental period. Results: Methanol extract of the stem bark of A.indica was most active in vitro against all the three trypanosome strains (MIC values of 9.93±1.88, 16.25±0.92 and 9.97±0.44μg/ml for T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. brucei and T. evansi, respectively). The extract showed optimum activity at 400 mg/kg and was comparable to the positive control groups. Parasitaemia levels were kept at a significantly low level (p < 0.05) by the extract compared to the negative control. Notably, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in mean survival time of mice treated with the extract at 400 mg/kg and the positive controls. Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal activities of the methanol extract of A. indica stem bark could be attributed to the presence of constituents of moderate polarity.

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Published

2017-11-15

How to Cite

Wanzala, E. N., Gikonyo, N. K., Murilla, G., Githua, M., & Hassanali, A. (2017). IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ANTI-TRYPANOSOMAL ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA STEM-BARK. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 14(6), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v14i6.8

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Section

Research Papers